工业技术与职业教育

针对货车轮胎运输中配载依赖人工经验导致车辆行驶不稳、卸货效率低等问题，提出了一种兼顾卸货效率与行驶稳定性的轮胎配载优化方法。该方法将配载问题拆分为两个子问题，首先基于到站顺序与堆叠规则，采用启发式算法生成满足卸货效率与物理可行性的初始配载方案，随后引入力矩平衡模型，以头尾与左右方向力矩差之和为优化目标，设计禁忌搜索算法对同批次轮胎进行邻域交换与移动调整，在保证卸货顺序的前提下提升车辆行驶稳定性。实验结果表明与纯启发式方法相比，该算法在不同规模下均显著降低力矩差，其中大规模场景头尾力矩差降低50%，左右力矩差降低54%，达标率提升至85%以上，计算时间均在3.7秒以内，满足实际运输对智能配载的实时性要求。

To address the issues of unstable driving and low unloading efficiency resulting from manual stowage planning in truck tire transportation, this paper proposes a tire stowage optimization method that considers both unloading efficiency and driving stability. The method decomposes the stowage problem into two subproblems. Based on the unloading sequence and stacking rules, a heuristic algorithm is first employed to generate an initial stowage plan that satisfies unloading efficiency and physical feasibility. Subsequently, a torque balance model is developed with the sum of longitudinal and lateral torque differences as the optimization objective, and a tabu search algorithm is designed to improve vehicle driving stability while preserving the unloading sequence, through neighborhood swap and move operations on tires within the same batch. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces torque differences compared with the pure heuristic approach. In large-scale scenarios, the longitudinal torque difference is reduced by 50%, the lateral torque difference by 54%, and the compliance rate is improved to over 85%, with computation time within 3.7 seconds—meeting the real-time requirements of intelligent stowage in practical transportation.