工业技术与职业教育

在当前就业市场中，高等职业教育毕业生面临的就业竞争异常激烈，就业形势日益严峻。为了有效增强毕业生的职业核心竞争力，解决就业难题，并促进社会经济的高质量发展，强化高职院校学生的创新创业能力培养显得尤为重要。然而，目前针对高职院校学生创新创业能力评价的研究相对匮乏，尚未构建起一套完善的评价体系，不利于对高职院校学生创新创业能力培养提供科学的指导。基于现有的创新创业能力结构模型和理论框架，深入探讨了高职院校学生创新创业的核心能力，并构建了包含4个一级指标和19个二级指标的评价指标体系，其中一级指标包括通用能力、创意能力、创新能力和创业能力。根据该指标体系进一步编制了相应的评价量表，并从中小微企业雇主的视角出发，对高职院校学生创新创业能力培养的现状进行了实证分析。基于分析结果，提出了针对课程体系、实践资源、教学方法和评价体系等方面的对策建议，以期为高职院校创新创业教育的改进提供参考。

The job market for higher vocational college graduates is increasingly competitive, and the employment situation is becoming more challenging. Innovation and entrepreneurship education plays a crucial role in promoting comprehensive reforms in higher vocational education. Strengthening the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship skills can effectively enhance graduates' core competencies and address employment challenges, contributing to high-quality social and economic development. However, there is currently a lack of research on evaluating the innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities of higher vocational college students, and an incomplete evaluation system hinders the provision of scientific guidance for developing these capabilities. Based on existing structural models and theoretical frameworks of innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the core innovation and entrepreneurship competencies of higher vocational college students. It extracts an evaluation index system comprising four primary indicators—general capability, creative capability, innovative capability, and entrepreneurial capability—and 19 secondary indicators. An evaluation scale was developed based on this index system to empirically analyze the current status of innovation and entrepreneurship capability cultivation among higher vocational college students from the perspective of employers in MSMEs. Recommendations are provided regarding curriculum systems, practical resources, teaching methods, and evaluation systems.