工业技术与职业教育

职业教育作为一种教育类型，产教融合、校企合作是其最重要的特征，也是其深化改革的重点。为了掌握我国职业教育校企合作政策落实情况，促进职业教育高质量发展和适应性提高，课题组对国内16个省份的797所职业学校和410家企业进行了调查，剖析了300余个校企合作典型案例，总结了政策落实成效和存在的问题，提出职业教育校企合作中存在主体结构不够完整、合作方式受限、合作行为不够规范、合作活动具有偶然性、合作过程缺乏连续性、合作成果水平不高等现实困境，并提出了培育校企合作协调组织、研制“双师型”教师标准和产教融合型企业标准、大批建设农民工培训学院、建设具有开发功能的国家职业教育研究院等政策建议。

Vocational education,as an equally important type of education as general education,has the most important characteristics of the integration of production and education and the cooperation between schools and enterprises,and is also the focus of deepening reform.In order to grasp the implementation of school-enterprise cooperation policies in China's vocational education and promote the high-quality development and adaptability of vocational education,the research group conducted a survey of 797 vocational schools and 410 enterprises in 16 provinces in China,analyzed more than 300 typical cases of school-enterprise cooperation,and summarized the effectiveness of policy implementation and existing problems.It is pointed out that there are some practical difficulties in school-enterprise cooperation in vocational education,such as incomplete main structure,limited cooperation mode,unstandardized cooperation behavior,accidental cooperation activities,lack of continuity in the cooperation process and low level of cooperation results.It also puts forward some policy suggestions,such as cultivating school-enterprise cooperation and coordination organizations,developing "double teacher" standards and enterprise standards integrating production and education,building a large number of training colleges for migrant workers,and building a national Vocational education research institute with development function.